Compare Liechtenstein (2002) - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)

Compare Liechtenstein (2002) z Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)

	Liechtenstein (2002)	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)

Administrative divisions	11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz	none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order
Age structure	0-14 years: 18.3% (male 3,003; female 3,001) 15-64 years: 70.5% (male 11,530; female 11,639) 65 years and over: 11.2% (male 1,494; female 2,175) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 25.4% (male 904; female 864) 15-64 years: 64.4% (male 2,288; female 2,193) 65 years and over: 10.2% (male 303; female 402) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports	none (2001)	2 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Area - comparative	about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral) the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering.	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.
Birth rate	11.24 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	14.96 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million
Capital	Vaduz	Saint-Pierre
Climate	continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Coastline	0 km (doubly landlocked)	120 km
Constitution	5 October 1921	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Currency	Swiss franc (CHF)	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)
Death rate	6.76 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$0 (1996) (2001)	$NA
Dependency status	-	self-governing territorial collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460 FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Disputes - international	Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918	none
Economic aid - recipient	none	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Economy - overview	Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced a large number of holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.
Electricity - consumption	313.45 million kWh NA kWh (2001)	38.13 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	NA kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	232.847 million kWh NA kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	-	41 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% 98% nuclear: NA% other: NA% 2% (2001)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
Environment - current issues	NA	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea	-
Ethnic groups	Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Exchange rates	Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6668 (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997)	euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968) head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002) head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
Exports	$2.47 billion (1996)	$12 million f.o.b. (1999)
Exports - commodities	small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
Exports - partners	EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7%	US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions
GDP	purchasing power parity - $730 million (1998 est.)	purchasing power parity - $74 million (1996 est.); supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% 40% services: NA% (1999)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $23,000 (1998 est.)	purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	NA%
Geographic coordinates	47 16 N, 9 32 E	46 50 N, 56 20 W
Geography - note	along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation	vegetation scanty
Highways	total: 250 km paved: 250 km unpaved: 0 km	total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that made it vulnerable to money laundering, but Liechtenstein has become less attractive as a haven for illicit funds, based on implementation in 2001 of new anti-money-laundering legislation and improved mutual legal assistance cooperation with other countries	-
Imports	$917.3 million (1996)	$55 million f.o.b. (1999)
Imports - commodities	agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials
Imports - partners	EU countries, Switzerland	France 44%, Canada 40% (1999)
Independence	23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Infant mortality rate	4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (2001)	2.1% (1991-96 average)
International organization participation	CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTrO	FZ, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force	28,783 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day	3,000 (1997) (1997)
Labor force - by occupation	industry, trade, and building 48%, services 51%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 1% (37256 est.)	fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (1998 est.)	arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 86.96% (1998 est.)
Languages	German (official), Alemannic dialect	French (official)
Legal system	local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.1 years male: 75.47 years female: 82.74 years (2002 est.)	total population: 77.93 years male: 75.66 years female: 80.32 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (1981 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)
Location	Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Map references	Europe	North America
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Switzerland	defense is the responsibility of France
National holiday	Assumption Day, 15 August	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French
Natural hazards	NA	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	hydroelectric potential, arable land	fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate	4.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Heinz FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER]	PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	32,842 (July 2002 est.)	6,954 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.94% (2002 est.)	0.35% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	Saint Pierre
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	21,000 (1997)	4,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 18.5 km standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified) note: owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways (2001)	0 km
Religions	Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)	Roman Catholic 99%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
Telephones - main lines in use	20,072 (2000)	4,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	0 (1994)
Television broadcast stations	NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)	0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
Terrain	mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third	mostly barren rock
Total fertility rate	1.5 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2.1 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	1.3% (1999)	9.8% (1997) (1997)
Waterways	none	none

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